Abstract

Objective
To improve the early diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction.
Materials and Methods
This study presents the outcomes of 207 patients (100%) with acute intestinal obstruction, aged 22 to 76 years (118 men [57%] and 89 women [43%]). The diagnostic evaluation comprised general clinical and biochemical analyses of blood and urine, ultrasound, chest and abdominal radiography, and radiographic contrast studies of the intestines. Colonoscopy, computed tomography (CT), and diagnostic laparoscopy were performed when clinically indicated.
Results
The etiology was tumor-related in 54 cases (26.1%) and non-tumor in 153 cases (73.9%). A strangulation mechanism was identified in 147 patients (71%), while an obstructive mechanism was observed in 60 patients (29%).In the early stages of the disease, all patients exhibited dilatation and wall thickening of the intestinal loops. The severity of mucosal fold thickening increased proximally to the site of obstruction. Furthermore, more distal obstructions were associated with more extensive pathological involvement of the intestine. Peristaltic patterns varied depending on the disease form and timing of the examination. In obstructive cases, antiperistalsis or pendulum-like movements were observed above the obstruction within dilated loops. In contrast, patients with strangulation presented with a sharply dilated and akinetic loop proximal to the obstruction.
Conclusion
The detection of intestinal akinesia, loss of differentiation in the bowel wall layers, and the presence of intramural gas were indicative of developing intestinal necrosis. Conclusion. Ultrasound examination is a simple and highly informative modality for diagnosing acute intestinal obstruction. It enables not only prompt diagnostic confirmation but also aids in differentiating the clinical form of the disease, thereby facilitating the selection of optimal treatment strategies.

Keywords

acute intestinal obstruction ultrasonography early diagnosis

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